6. THAMNOCALAMUS
Clump-forming thornless frost hardy bamboos, up to 5m tall, found from 2,800m to 3,500m in mixed coniferous forest, with cross-veined leaves, smooth or waxy culms, few branches, and usually with upright culm sheath blades. These are the highest altitude clump forming bamboos, growing well above the range of all the species of Cephalostachyum, Teinostachyum, Ampelo- calamus, and also Drepanostachyum. They can always be distinguished from those genera by the cross-veins on their leaves (fig. 27). Compared to
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